Look for Advisors Who Can Teach, Not Tell

Earlier this week, a newly funded founder and I were discussing advisory board strategies. Specifically the value of individuals with specific operational expertise (as opposed to industry domain expertise/relationships). One of the characteristics we identified as a filter was to seek advisors who could “teach, not just tell.”

The founder wants to fill in around his expertise with advisors who can help guide him and his team in areas such as distribution. Teaching, not telling means people who can share frameworks, formulas and programs that can be modified and reused. It means having an advisor sit down with a team member and perhaps provide training wheels through a real world scenario. It doesn’t mean having the advisor become part of your org chart or solve your problems for you. If you want that, create a separate consulting agreement.

By teaching, advisors create lasting impact extending beyond any limited-period direct involvement. They uplevel you and your team. This is one reason in building Homebrew’s entrepreneur advisory board we’ve focused on cultural fit and subject expertise. I’ve watched Andy Johns, growth guru of Facebook/Twitter/Quora, teach his framework, not just tell stories about his past successes. That’s real value.

When Google Went Public … (Twitter IPO)

Fittingly it was with a tweet that Twitter announced the filing of a S-1, the first formal step towards an IPO. The document remains confidential so debating their financials is nothing but a speculative argument at this point. Twitter has become my most important social messaging platform, a place where (as @hunterwalk) I’m able to share ideas, find new interesting voices, discover great content and get a snapshot of what the world is thinking. I use other products but I live in Twitter.

The reportedly 2,000+ Twitter employees must be thrilled about this next phase of their company. Besides generating incredible wealth for many of them, being a public company is both a symbolic step towards becoming indelible and a very real milestone with both benefits and costs.

I arrived at Google in late 2003, prior to our S-1 being filed in April 2004. There was already lots of internal and external speculation about our trajectory but until the document went public, no one understood just how powerful a business model the company had created. During my interview process Google HR was very secretive about the value of my equity. In fact they told me only the number of shares I had been granted. Without knowing the number of shares outstanding or the enterprise value of the company, a grant total was totally useless but they essentially said “trust us.”

What changed once we went public and how might these same shifts impact Twitter?

  • Data Got Locked Down: Before our IPO Google was notably open with its data internally. There were many ways to access near realtime revenue and other tools we could use in the course of managing daily business. With the public offering came regulatory requirements and many of these dashboards went behind authenticated logins, where only certain Googlers could access based on job needs. If you filed for access there was often a delay in approval. Larry, Sergey and Eric remained committed to being as open as possible but the days of our sales chief standing up at Friday meetings and announcing revenue for the quarter were obviously over. Google has done a remarkable job of remaining transparent internally but with a stock offering comes certain changes that are non-negotiable. If they haven’t already, Twitter employees will soon find themselves partitioning tools and data by function
  • Public Currency for Acquisitions, Hiring: Whereas all stock to this point as been speculative — it *might* be worth something in the future — liquidity in the public markets means Twitter will have a strong weapon for more acquisitions and hiring candidates. Not necessarily the employees who want the IPO pop (more on that below) but they can put together packages which match the current expected value of one’s current employer. From an acquisition standpoint it will be interesting to see whether Twitter uses cash or stock. Stock is cheap now but expensive later if you believe the share price will rise. Google historically pays cash, although there were notable examples such as the YouTube deal.
  • A Different Type of Employee Gets Hired: It’s silly to say that Twitter will no longer be a startup once they IPO. The reality is they’re not a startup now — risk is off the table, thousands of employees, hundreds of millions in revenue. Post-IPO though there’s a psychology that seems to impact potential hires — you start getting fewer risk takers applying and more careerists. This isn’t absolutely a bad thing — hiring more experienced leaders is important for a company’s stability and Twitter has certainly already raided lots of Google talent to build its management layer — but it does start to change the personality of the company. People would sometimes ask me if post-IPO did Google start hiring “B+” talent instead of “A” (the assumption being that the best people would no longer want to work at Google). My answer was a definitive NO. We still hired “A” quality people, it was just increasingly a different type of smart. More pragmatic, more about scale. Our founders worked hard to maintain the culture and I think much of Larry’s first few years as CEO has been about returning to what he remembers Google being in the early 2000s. Twitter CEO Dick Costolo and his team will have the same challenges — some old timers memorializing “the old days” while also realizing that Twitter 2014 cannot be the same as 2008.
  • Flight of Talent: There’s usually a burst of departures in the six months after an IPO, then it kinda returns to normal levels. Lots of fully-vested “old timers” leave. Since many Twitter employees are sitting on heavily appreciated stock options, a public offering will finally give them the liquidity to sell shares. Important to note this isn’t just about getting cash in their pocket, it’s about getting cash to pay the IRS for the tax burden that would come with exercising previous stock grants.

Having many friends at Twitter I’m obviously happy for the company. As a Twitter user it’s bittersweet because while this IPO will increase the stability of the company, it also will continue to push them to seek growth which may evolve aspects of the product I love so much.

When Google finally went public in August 2004, after a long and weird registration process, there were a few minutes of clapping, high fives and private calculations of net worth. Then we all went back to work.

Not Just a WordPress User, Now Also an Advisor to Automattic

I first met Matt Mullenweg, founder of Automattic/WordPress, over a bowl of chili in Wyoming last decade. I don’t recall when I first met Raanan Bar-Cohen, SVP of business things at Automattic, but I do know we were already friends before traveling to Baghdad together in 2009, sharing an amazing week in Iraq. Toni Schneider, CEO of Automattic – well him I barely know but we’ve had nice conversations over the years and he is an exceptional gentleman. Unless that’s the way all Swiss appear at first.

Matt, Raanan and Toni, along with several hundred team members across the world, have created a company I admire, anchored by a platform I use for this blog: WordPress. I’m amazed that 19% of the web runs on WordPress – it’s quite an accomplishment – but I’m in even more admiration of the organization and culture at Automattic. A fully distributed team. An amazing community. A founder who will show up at WordCamps across the world but still find time to support great startups and contribute to the tech/art communities in SF, NYC and his hometown Houston. And he hangs with Jay-Z.

For all of those reasons, I was honored when Raanan asked me to join a small board of Advisors for Automattic. I know they have big ambitions for the next few years and happy to play a supporting role.

While I’m joining as an individual, I’m very excited about the chance to create stronger collaboration between our seed venture fund Homebrew and Automattic. Scaling product, business, community – these are strengths of the Automattic team and I the Homebrew founders will benefit from these ties.

Onward!

Has Mobile Killed The Fast Follower Strategy? Sure Looks That Way…

Has mobile killed the “fast follower” strategy? The ability of a second-mover company to mimic (copy?) a more innovative competitor and eventually own the market? In 2010, Entrepreneur Steve Blank suggested the data shows you’re better off fast following than originating – citing companies like Google who benefited from combining somebody else’s business model with their search technology.

Now just a few years later, it feels like mobile has increasingly rewarded being first to market with a product that people want – especially in the Consumer market. Instagram, Snapchat, Line, Twitter, Foursquare comes to mind as mobile-first innovators who have been able to hold off imitations by larger tech companies and fast follow startups.

Here are some hypotheses why:

  • Time to Market Delayed By iOS App Store Approvals: On the web you could just push code and control your own release cycle. iOS inserts a delay while Apple reviews and approves your app. The first mover has already cleared this hurdle and subsequent app updates have less friction due to Apple’s familiarity with the product. Fast follower needs to essentially get approval to launch.
  • Discovery Has Changed: iOS App Store promotion and word-of-mouth via social media are much bigger distribution forces today than three years ago. Sure a fast follower with a marketing budget can drive paid installs and ad-based promotion, but organic and editorial discovery is more important with mobile. This favors the innovator, not the mimic. When was the last time Apple featured a fast follower app? They want to drive the new, hot, best-looking apps because that’s what keeps iPhone as the platform of choice.
  • Changing Impact of Social: Using Facebook Connect, Twitter Followers and address books, access to social graphs have become a commodity. Sure you can innovate on virality, but smaller first movers can scale quickly. Fast followers typically exploited their existing distribution footprint but this isn’t as meaningful an advantage in the social mobile world. Purely anecdotal, but clicking on a link is easy where I’ll often need to hear about an app from a friend before I go through the multiple clicks required to install.
  • Apps Tend to Be Single Purpose So Bolting Feature Into Larger App Doesn’t Work: Classic fast follow move was to just ship someone’s product as a feature on your already bloated client software or as another tab on your website. Mobile apps tend to be designed for speed and single purpose – you click on a “button” (app icon) and something is expected to happen. Facebook just adding another feature to what is already a very complex app isn’t as much of a threat to startups anymore.
  • The Impact of Design: Ok, stay with me here. The rise of “good design” as user expectation is often understood to be about pixels and beauty. I believe it’s deeper than that, especially on mobile devices – these phones and tablets you lovingly caress in your hands and hold close to your face; which literally get warm with use. Purrrrrrrr. Love is a component of good design. That is, innovators usually really really love what they’re building and this comes through in their design. Little flourishes. Fast followers are driven primarily by fear or greed. I’d hold that these root motivations can be unconsciously felt in their products. I don’t have specific examples – maybe Instagram vs other photo services with filters; or Snapchat vs lookalikes.

This post is definitely a work-in-progress – perhaps there are many examples of fast follow mobile apps that have gained tremendous usage or the strategy will become more successful again as mobile matures, but as an investor in mobile applications, definitely thinking about these questions.

Twitter SXSW Promo Email, 2007

Was pretty early on Twitter because I knew Blogger team from Google. Randomly found their 2007 SXSW promo email during a gmail search today. Nothing too notable but fun to see stuff from before they hit it big.

From: Biz Stone

Subject: Twitter Celebrating in Austin

Hey-o, Twitter-ers!

We’re getting ready for SXSW! Are you? If you’re heading to Austin,
please join us. Text JOIN SXSW to 40404 from your mobile phone and
your updates will be displayed on the high definition plasma
displays in the hallways of the Austin Convention Center. You’ll
also get automatically connected to other conference attendees.
It’s going to be fun! Not going to Texas? We still love you, come
see us online: http://twitter.com!

Heavy Twitters

We’ve spotted some interesting new Twitter users ’round these parts.
John Edwards is using Twitter to update from the presidential
campaign trail. We’re following this closely because we’re
interested in seeing how Twitter plays out in this political
setting. We’ve also noticed the guys from, A Cursive Memory–an
awesome band we like also heading to Austin. I’m following them
both and it makes for an interesting mix along with my friends.

John Edwards: http://twitter.com/johnedwards
A Cursive Memory: http://twitter.com/acursivememory

Birthdays

Twitter has only been launched publicly for about half a year but
the idea took life March, 13 2006 so we’re going to be celebrating
our first birthday! It also happens to be my birthday on March 10th.
We’ll be in Austin, so I’m planning on crashing the 8bit party and
pretending that it’s all for me. If you’re around come say hi to
some of us from Twitter–we might even have a few limited edition
Twitter t-shirts left to give away!

8bit (My Birthday) Party: http://upcoming.org/event/152142

Welcome Britt and Alex

There was this rumor that the two best Rails engineers in the
world (besides the ones already working at Obvious) were living
somewhere in the US. Legend had it that one was in Washington DC
and the other was in Kentucky. We tracked them down and hired
them! They’re already working to make Twitter better and they’ll
be moving to San Francisco shortly. Welcome, Britt and Alex!

Britt: http://twitter.com/bs
Alex: http://twitter.com/al3x

71Miles.com Launches

One of the super-secret startups sharing office space with Twitter
finally de-cloaked and launched last week. It’s called 71miles
because it is the definitive guide to weekend trips around major
cities starting with the San Francisco Bay Area. The suggestions
and reviews are top-notch and the technology-tweaking that these
guys did to build the site is really impressive.

Go Somewhere this Weekend: http://71miles.com

If you do go somewhere this weekend–don’t forget to Twitter! Also,
don’t forget to check out all the fun widgets, applications, and
other stuff people have built using our API on the Twitter Fan Wiki,
http://twitter.pbwiki.com — there’s some amazing stuff in there.
We’ve got lots to be happy about, see you in Texas!

Happy Twittering!
– Biz Stone and the Twitter Team
http://twitter.com/biz

Web Rings For The Win! Adding Zemanta Tech Circles to My Blog

Buffy the Vampire Slayer web ring. That was a fundamental early web experience for me. I remember the Mosaic browser. I remember my first set of alt newsgroup subs. And I remember the community which came from a bunch of like-minded websites sharing their community. So earlier this summer when Zemanta’s Jeff Reine said he was working on a way to create the modern web ring, I was sold.

The Tech Circle web ring went live last month on Fred Wilson’s blog and immediately Zemanta became a Top 5 daily driver of traffic to hunterwalk.com. Not just to any old page, but contextual links when a post of mine matched the topic being discussed on Fred’s blog, or one of the other sites in the network. Communities thrive when people pay in, not just withdraw, and I’ve added Tech Circle here as well. For example, look at my piece about interacting with VCs and you’ll find a few references down below to other relevant posts.

Hope you enjoy and thanks to Jeff + the Zemanta team for making this happen!

Let a Thousand Flours Bloom: One local bakery’s opinions on technology

Merchant fatigue: the phenomena of San Francisco local businesses getting hit up by so many daily deal sites, customer loyalty programs and other startups that the store owners and staff are just plain tired. It’s one reason that entrepreneur launched his latest local startup MyTime in Los Angeles first. Personally, I think of those window stickers (“Customers love us on Yelp”), countertop signs and POS systems similarly to stenciled bomber plane art – each one represents a startup marketing manager or inside sales dude winning a small battle for attention.

Despite all the noise about the local vertical, it feels like I rarely see the press actually ask a business owner about their tech usage and needs. We get relatively breathless coverage of how Startup X is going to disrupt something, but the person behind the counter who owns the purchase decision receives zero column inches. Someone needed to right this wrong (or err, write this wrong) and I was up to the challenge. Also, the SF bakery I visited has really good gluten free coffee cake.

Flour & Co Jame

While Flour & Co might be a relatively new store having opened just this past spring, owner Emily Day isn’t a beginner.  Having previously run store operations for La Boulange, Emily helped take the brand to 13 stores (and five more planned) before leaving prior to the Starbucks acquisition. With a background in both accounting and restaurant management, she knows how to count the chips and bake them into cookies [that’s a horrible line, I know, sorry].

Despite her pedigree and experience, Emily still uses a good amount of intuition, not just data, when making decisions for her brand. For example, the Nob Hill location sprang not from a Google Earth mashup of demographic survey data, but her own understanding of the changing neighborhood and how a new Trader Joes on the same block was likely to influence foot traffic. Today Flour & Co is a single shopfront but Emily has her eyes on distribution via other local retail, catering and more locations in the Bay Area. Here are some snippets from our conversation, greatly paraphrased as my hands were more consumer by said coffee cake than capturing direct quotations.

Interoperability between store tech is still a mess: Emily uses ShopKeep as her tablet point-of-sale system because it’s the easiest and most flexible in her opinion. Some of the other systems she tried had fatal flaws, such as an inability to print order tickets into the kitchen. She’s also really sensitive to minimizing the number of finger touches it takes to complete transactions. They’re a high volume business and during peak hours need to still provide quick service.

Enter once, re-enter everywhere: Given POS as center of a retail store, you’d imagine that it would link seamlessly with all her other systems. Nope. Across the different providers there’s still a real lack of interop – sometimes because tools are new, sometimes because no API exists. Flour & Co wanted to use LevelUp but it doesn’t integrate with ShopKeep, so nope [edit – it does integrate but Emily tells me requires a keyboard which she doesn’t have room for on the counter]. Similarly there was a preferred vendor with an app which allows users to order ahead before they reach the store but no ShopKeep integration so, again, out of luck. There’s so much other work to do that once Emily’s made a system choice, she doesn’t want to go back and reevaluate so since POS came first, compatibility with ShopKeep drives a whole bunch of other decisions. Emily wants to find a loyalty program but so far none of them work well with her other platforms.

No one ever got fired for buying IBM: The large well-known guys still have lots of customers. She knows about Xero accounting and the wave of online pay systems but uses Quickbooks and Paychex for now. It works for her and that’s good enough.

Startups, your competition is sometimes a spreadsheet: At La Boulange they used shift scheduling software but for now at Flour & Co, Excel working just fine. Thankfully though, customer mailing lists have migrated out of the xls and MailChimp powers her communications.

Wants to do her own research before talking to a salesperson: Technology recommendations come from her own research and other store owners. Easy, simple comparison charts and good clear sales marketing pieces are what Emily wants to see; not a salesperson trying to get on her calendar for a 30m demo. What comes next for Emily? Probably an online store via Shopify for some of her more popular items that can transport well.

So there you have it – some facts from a baker. Now excuse me, I need another slice of coffee cake…

What to Tell VCs When You’re Missing the Data They Want to See

As a seed stage investor I’m often looking at an incomplete picture when trying to assess an opportunity. Inevitably there will be a question where the data I’m seeking isn’t something the company has yet calculated/tested, or haven’t thought to research or maybe even not as important to their business as I’m suggesting it might be. For founders, these blank spaces are great moments to stray from your standard pitch and really connect with an investor. They’re also pitfalls where I’ve seen some entrepreneurs mess up and hurt their credibility. So here are some ideas of what to tell VCs when you’re missing the data they want to see:

  • Don’t Bullshit: Good investors usually succeed because they’re able to read people well. Also, since they’ve seen so many pitches, they have lots of data to call you on your bluff. For example, let’s say you’ve got a SMB SaaS business. I might ask, what does your customer acquisition costs look like compared to [Market Leader]. You probably know your acquisition costs to date but if you don’t know the competitor’s #s, don’t try to stammer out some random guess. What’s a reasonable response? Engage me and drive towards getting the data. “You know, I’ve heard a few different numbers but have had a really hard time confirming. What have you heard or can you suggest any people who might be able to check the deck we’ve collected?”
  • “I’ll Get Back to You”: If you haven’t run the test, don’t have the data handy or need to crunch the logs in order to tease out a piece of information, that’s totally cool. Obviously if it’s a primary KPI I’d love for it to be top of mind, but if it’s not, don’t waste 10 minutes looking through your inbox for the email with the stat or open the command line to check when the cron job is running next. Just tell me you’ll get back to me and then do so in a timely manner with some context.
  • Educate Me: There are certainly many things you know about your business that I don’t. If I’m asking for a piece of information which isn’t very central to the way you think about your company or I could be asking a better question, I’d love to learn why. Excellent chance to help me get inside of your mind.
  • Lay Out The Framework: At a high level you can probably reduce your business to a formula. If I’m asking about X, just show me where X fits into your overall formula and we can go from there. For example, there was a recent pitch where, during a very successful alpha, 100% of customer acquisition came from word of mouth marketing. The company’s cost of customer acquisition was currently zero! That’s awesome but when I asked about these costs as they scaled their business, the founders insisted their product was so good that this cost would remain at zero because that’s what the data has shown them so far. I disagreed. Now I could be wrong – and if I was, likely passed on an amazing opportunity – but what I would have loved to hear: “The industry average is $X per customer, so we’re obviously way below that. We think that at scale we’ll be able to maintain an advantage so our model has us at 1/2 $X over the next two years but we ran a sensitivity analysis and even if we end up spending $X as well, our margins are still competitive and we can still hit our 2014 milestones with a few months of runway left before raising the A round.”

Investors, entrepreneurs – does this ring true for you?

How Facebook’s Shared Photo Albums Impacts Other Startups. Hint: Doesn’t.

Today Facebook announced the ability to add contributors to a photo album, allowing groups to curate together. As happens whenever Google/Facebook/Apple/etc add a feature, some speculated this was a Very Bad Thing for existing photo album apps. Now I’m biased because my friend Brenden founded Cluster, which recently shipped their v1, but let me tell you why I think Facebook’s move is No Big Deal yet for startups in this space.

It’s all about utilities vs experiences. Products like Facebook, which are already very complex for users, can expand the utilities they offer, sometimes with success, but find it very challenging to build new experiences – broader and deeper than just a set of features. Think of a utility as a single-action feature, while an experience is a set of features which together are greater than the sum of their parts.

Here’s an example: the photo apps which in their attempts to fast-follow Instagram assumed that #filters were just a feature. When was the last time you used a filter in Facebook Camera or Twitter? Instagram built a standalone, smooth, dedicated experience and that’s why no competitor adding filters changed their growth. Now compare that to the ability to attach a photo to a tweet? That wasn’t an experience, that was just a utility, so when Twitter added that native capability from mobile, hosting services saw a decrease of person photo sharing (hold aside animated gifs and memes)/

Think back to 2010 when Facebook shipped the ability to post your current location to your newsfeed. Turns out the check-in is an experience, which is why Foursquare keeps growing. Location passively added as metadata to a photo, etc – that’s a utility, which is why geo on Facebook is mostly metadata instead of an experience of its own.

So back to present day: If Cluster (and others) can create an experience around group albums that consistently performs the way users expect it to – remember, on mobile especially simplicity is key – then they shouldn’t worry about Facebook. In fact, the best case scenario is that Facebook’s entry here chills both entrepreneurs and the venture market to pursuing group albums.

So Brenden + team still have the challenge ahead of them to build something people love, but best thing to do is largely ignore whatever the large companies do and focus on honing their experience.

How VC Fundraising is Like Startup Fundraising, Part 2

Previously wrote about raising our Homebrew seed fund. Was chatting with an entrepreneur this morning who is currently raising their A Round. We were talking about the similarities between raising multiple rounds and raising multiple funds.

Seed Round or Fund 1: often raised on reputation, performance history and story

A Round or Fund 2: raised on momentum and market feedback (since you raise Fund 2 before Fund 1 is mature enough to really show full results)

B Round or Fund 3: basically results to date all that matter. At this point you’re a real company or a real VC.

The VC Funding Dance plays out with a new fund every 2-3 years, while an entrepreneur might raise a round every 12-20 months. Time scales are a bit different but narrative arc, pretty similar.